George Orwell

Born into a family that could not afford another scholarship to attend university, leading them to consider Blair joining the Imperial Police instead of pursuing higher education.

Eric Arthur Blair was born on June 25th, 1903, at Motihari, Bengal Presidency (now Bihar), British India, to a family of modest means.

Ida settles with her children at Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire, beginning a new life for herself and her family after possibly experiencing financial difficulties or stress.

At the age of two, Eric's family moved to Henley-on-Thames, England, where his father took up a post in the Indian Civil Service.

Eric has a brief visit from his father, but this was an exception as they did not see each other again until 1912, indicating a strained relationship between the two.

Eric's older sister Marjorie was born, and the family continued to move frequently due to his father's job changes.

Blair begins boarding at St Cyprian's School in Eastbourne, East Sussex, marking a significant change in his education and social life as he starts to establish friendships with fellow students.

Blair sees his father for the first time since 1907, suggesting that their relationship has improved or been rekindled after a period of estrangement.

Brushed up on Classics, English, and History at Craighurst in Southwold, preparing for his entrance examination for the Indian Imperial Police in December of that year.

Blair attempted to take their relationship further than Buddicom was ready for, resulting in a botched seduction at her family home in Southwold.

Eric's father retired from the Indian Civil Service, and the family settled in Henley-on-Thames, where Eric attended school.

Joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma in October, marking a significant career change for Blair due to family financial constraints.

Blair left Burma without resolving his feelings for Buddicom, leaving the door open for potential future interactions with her.

Posted to Myaungmya, Irrawaddy Delta at the beginning of the year, demonstrating Blair's career progression and adaptability within the Imperial Police.

Eric won a scholarship to attend St. Cyprian's School in East Grinstead, Sussex, where he excelled academically and developed his writing skills.

Joined Indian Imperial Police in Burma, specifically assigned to Katha in Upper Burma.

Contracted dengue fever and took leave in England due to illness.

Moved to London with help from Ruth Pitter to find lodgings on Portobello Road.

Blair returned to England and went in search of Buddicom at her family home in Southwold, hoping to ask her to marry him but was unsuccessful.

Resigned from the police and became a writer, marking a significant career change on March 12th.

Renewed acquaintance with local friends at an Old Etonian dinner in Southwold, England.

Visited old tutor Gow at Cambridge for writing advice and guidance.

Published first article as a professional writer, 'La Censure en Angleterre', in Monde on October 6th.

First article to appear in England, 'A Farthing Newspaper', in G. K.'s Weekly on December 29th.

Fell seriously ill and was taken to Hôpital Cochin in February. The exact cause of his illness is not specified, but it's clear that he required medical attention during this time. This event marks a significant turning point in his life, as he would have been forced to take a break from his work and focus on his health. The fact that he was taken to Hôpital Cochin suggests that the hospital was one of the best medical facilities available at the time, indicating that he had access to quality healthcare. This event also highlights his vulnerability during this period, as he would have been unable to continue with his work and daily activities due to his illness. The fact that he returned to England in December 1930 suggests that his health had improved significantly, allowing him to resume his life and work.

Sent 'The Spike' to New Adelphi magazine in London for publication in August. This event marks a significant milestone in his literary career, as it was one of his first publications. The fact that he sent the story to New Adelphi magazine suggests that he had built connections with literary circles and was actively seeking opportunities for publication. This event also highlights his determination and perseverance as an author, as he continued to pursue his writing goals despite facing challenges and setbacks.

Returned to England after nearly two years in Paris in December. The exact circumstances of his return are not specified, but it's clear that he had spent a significant amount of time abroad, which would have impacted his life and work upon his return. This event marks the beginning of a new chapter in his life, as he would have been reintegrating into English society after spending time in France. The fact that he returned to England suggests that he had maintained connections with family and friends, or that he was returning due to personal or professional obligations.

Explored the poorer parts of London, adopting the name P.S. Burton and recording experiences for 'The Spike'.

Published first published essay, drawing from his experiences in exploring poverty in London.

Stayed briefly with sister Marjorie and her husband Humphrey Dakin in Bramley, Leeds in the early year. This event marks a significant moment of connection with his family during a time of transition in his life. The fact that he stayed with them suggests that he valued his relationships with his loved ones and was seeking support during this period. The location of Bramley, Leeds, is also notable, as it would have provided him with access to resources and opportunities for work and writing.

Orwell formed a close friendship with Arthur Koestler, lasting three years, as they shared experiences at Bwlch Ocyn in the Vale of Ffestiniog during their stays.

Eric graduated from St. Cyprian's School and went on to attend University College, Oxford, where he studied English Language and Literature.

Published essay 'A Hanging', drawing inspiration from his experiences in Burma police.

Eric joined the British Imperial Police in Burma (now Myanmar), where he worked as a police officer for three years, developing his writing skills during his downtime.

Blair became friendly with the curate of the local parish church while teaching at The Hawthorns High School in Hayes, west London. He was involved in activities with the church, which likely influenced his writing and worldview.

Blair spent time with Eleanor Jacques, but her attachment to Dennis Collings remained an obstacle to a more serious relationship, causing him emotional distress and uncertainty about his personal life.

After returning to Southwold at the end of the summer term, Blair worked on Burmese Days while making the house habitable with his sister Avril. This period allowed him to focus on writing and establish a sense of stability.

In August 1932, 'Clink', an essay describing his failed attempt to get sent to prison, appeared in the Adelphi number, showcasing Blair's early writing style and exploration of themes related to social justice.

Blair wrote a letter to Moore suggesting pseudonyms for his book and leaving the choice of pen name to them, demonstrating his growing understanding of literary conventions and his desire for anonymity as an author.

Published novel 'Burmese Days', a work heavily influenced by his time in the Indian Imperial Police.

Moved out of Warwick Mansions, Pond Street, to begin a new life as a part-time assistant at Booklovers' Corner with Jon Kimche.

Shared accommodation and job with Jon Kimche at the Westrope's home in Hampstead, forming a close living and working arrangement.

Met Eileen O'Shaughnessy at a party hosted by Rosalind Obermeyer, beginning a romantic relationship that would eventually lead to marriage.

Eric joined the Republican forces in Spain to fight against the fascist Nationalist forces, participating in the Spanish Civil War until 1939.

Published essay 'Shooting an Elephant', another work drawing from his experiences as a police officer in Burma.

Moved into the Stores at Wallington, Hertfordshire with a new lease on life after staying in south Yorkshire including Sheffield and Barnsley. The change of location marked a significant shift in Orwell's life as he started working on his book, The Road to Wigan Pier. He spent time observing social conditions in Liverpool and Grimethorpe mines, gaining insight into the lives of the working class. This experience would later shape his writing style and perspective.

Attended Communist Party meetings in an effort to understand their ideology and tactics, including witnessing Blackshirt tactics firsthand. However, this exposure also made him realize the limitations and dangers of the party's approach. Orwell's observations during these meetings would serve as a foundation for his later work on The Road to Wigan Pier.

Spent time with his sister at Headingley, visiting the Brontë Parsonage, a place that held great cultural and historical significance. This visit allowed Orwell to connect with his family's past and gain a deeper understanding of the literary world he was a part of.

Was placed under surveillance by the Special Branch due to his research for The Road to Wigan Pier. This added a layer of complexity to Orwell's life as he navigated the challenges of being an author while also dealing with the consequences of his work.

Orwell participated in the Spanish Civil War, a pivotal political experience that shaped his views on politics and society.

Conceived of socialism, including a planned economy alongside democracy, which would later shape his political leanings and views on communism.

Eric published his first book, 'The Road to Wigan Pier', a non-fiction work documenting his experiences living among working-class people in industrial north England.

The Road to Wigan Pier was published, marking a significant milestone in Orwell's writing career and providing insight into his observations on social conditions during that time. The publication of this book demonstrated Orwell's dedication to shedding light on important issues affecting the working class.

Orwell met Henry Miller in Paris before traveling to Spain. He had been invited by Henry Miller to join him on his travels and discuss literature and politics. The meeting was a significant moment in Orwell's life, as it marked the beginning of a new chapter in his relationships with fellow writers and intellectuals.

In Barcelona, Orwell met John McNair of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) Office, where he discussed the possibility of joining the POUM due to its connection with the ILP. This meeting was crucial in shaping Orwell's political affiliations and future involvement with the POUM.

Orwell joined the POUM due to its connection with the ILP, which aligned with his own left-wing politics. He saw this as an opportunity to engage in revolutionary politics and support the Spanish Republic.

Orwell and his wife Eileen were spied on in Barcelona according to Soviet files. They were living in Tarragona at the time of the incident.

The political situation in Barcelona deteriorated and the POUM was outlawed and under attack, prompting Orwell's return to Wallington by train.

Wrote to Cyril Connolly about his newfound belief in socialism after witnessing the brutal suppression of anarcho-syndicalists by the Soviet Union-backed Communists in Catalonia, solidifying his stance against Stalinism.

Eric published 'Homage to Catalonia', an account of his experiences soldiering in the Spanish Civil War.

Obsessed with the subject of poverty became central to his writing, particularly in 'Homage to Catalonia'.

Orwell's health had deteriorated, leading him to be admitted to the Preston Hall Sanatorium until September 1938, where he stayed with his wife Eileen.

Homage to Catalonia was published in London by Secker & Warburg in 1938, but initially received poor commercial response.

Celia Kirwan was someone with whom Orwell had suggested that they both had been unfaithful, highlighting his tendency towards infidelity during his marriage. This incident showcases Orwell's attraction to women and his desire for physical affection.

Orwell developed close friendships with people like Mabel Fierz and Brenda Salkield, who served as sounding boards for his ideas and provided emotional support. These relationships were crucial in helping him navigate the complexities of his personal life.

Worked as a producer on BBC's Indian Section, first working in 1940 at Wallington, likely producing content related to India during World War II. This marked an early stage in his career with the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The role allowed him to utilize his knowledge of international relations and politics, which would later influence his writing and activism.

Wrote an essay on Charles Dickens in support of his literary merit and enduring influence on British literature.

Orwell visited Lydia Jackson in the sanatorium, where they formed a close bond. Later, Jackson became critical of Orwell's marriage to Eileen, revealing a deep understanding of his inner workings and relationships.

Eleanor Jacques was a woman with whom Orwell had a closer relationship than some of his other acquaintances. She represented an alternative to Eileen, but ultimately, their connection remained platonic.

Orwell worked at the BBC during the wartime period, contributing to the war effort through his broadcasting skills.

Reviewed Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf for The New English Weekly on March 21, showcasing his critical views on Nazi ideology and authoritarianism.

Orwell analyzed Adolf Hitler's psychology in his review of Mein Kampf, seeking to understand why Hitler was worshipped by the German people. He aimed to uncover the underlying factors that contributed to the rise of Nazi Germany and its charismatic leader.

Published 'The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius' with Searchlight Books in February 1941. This marked a significant moment in his literary career, as he shared his socialist vision for England's future with a wider audience. The book remains an important work of political commentary and analysis during World War II.

Contributed to Gollancz anthology 'The Betrayal of the Left', which was written in light of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. This contribution highlighted his involvement in left-wing politics and his willingness to engage with controversial topics during a time of international tension.

Participated in radio broadcasts for BBC's Eastern Service, sharing news and analysis from around the world with listeners. As a producer, he helped shape the content of these broadcasts, which played an important role in disseminating information during wartime.

Orwell obtained 'war work' at the BBC's Eastern Service,

Orwell had a bout of bronchitis, which recurred frequently and affected his health throughout the year.

Orwell reviewed Arthur Koestler's Darkness at Noon for the New Statesman, sharing his thoughts on the novel's themes and implications.

Moved to seventh-floor flat at Langford Court, St John's Wood, marking a significant change in his personal life and living arrangements. This move may have been influenced by his health issues and desire for a more comfortable environment, as he was declared 'unfit for any kind of military service' by Medical Board just six months prior.

Spent weekends with Fredric Warburg and Zionist friend Tosco Fyvel at Warburg's house in Twyford, Berkshire. These social gatherings demonstrate his connections to the socialist movement and his relationships with influential figures of the time.

The Orwells moved to a larger flat in Maida Vale/Kilburn due to their growing family's needs.

Orwell resigned from the BBC after working there for over two years as a war correspondent.

Orwell started writing regularly for the left-wing weekly Tribune and continued this work until his resignation in 1949.

Orwell replied to an invitation from the Duchess of Atholl to speak for the British League for European Freedom, criticizing the organization's conservative views. He chose to express his dissenting opinions, highlighting his commitment to left-wing ideologies and democratic socialism.

Animal Farm was ready for publication after being rejected by multiple publishers, including Gollancz and T. S. Eliot at Faber & Faber.

Orwell adopted a three-week-old boy named Richard Horatio with his wife Eileen, marking a significant expansion of their family.

Orwell wrote about the Warsaw uprising in Tribune, expressing his hostility against the influence of the USSR over the allies. His writings demonstrated his strong stance against Soviet expansionism and his support for the Polish resistance movement.

Eric published 'Animal Farm', an allegorical novella critiquing totalitarian regimes, which became a classic of dystopian literature.

Visited Eileen's family in Greenwich, witnessing firsthand the devastating effects of German Blitz bombings on civilians. This personal experience likely reinforced his commitment to left-wing politics and his desire to support those affected by the war.

Orwell became a war correspondent for The Observer under the invitation of David Astor.

Eileen Orwell underwent a hysterectomy and died on March 29th due to an allergic reaction to anaesthetic. George Orwell was left to care for their nine-month-old adopted son, Peter Orlovsky.

Committed to writing an essay In Defence of P.G. Wodehouse as a way to promote the author's works amidst wartime censorship.

The death of Eileen Orwell left Orwell feeling lonely and isolated after losing his partner and companion in life. This event marked a significant turning point in his personal life, as he struggled to cope with the loss and find solace in his writing.

Eileen's sister-in-law Gwen O'Shaughnessy helped the Orwells adopt their first child through an adoption agency.

George Orwell returned to London to cover the general election in July, and published his essay 'Animal Farm: A Fairy Story' on August 17th in Britain and August 26th in the US. One year after its publication, Animal Farm had been released in the US.

Moved to Jura with his son in May 1946, seeking a more peaceful life and escaping the stress of literary journalism and the pressures of war-time Britain.

Orwell published the essay 'Politics vs. Literature: An Examination of Gulliver's Travels', which explored the tension between politics and literature in society.

Was commissioned by the British Council to craft an essay on British food culture, reflecting the nation's post-war culinary landscape.

Rushbrook Williams, Orwell's boss at the BBC, stated that Orwell would have been either canonised or burnt at the stake in earlier days due to his unwavering commitment to common decency and truth-telling.

Orwell wrote an essay titled 'The Moon Under Water,' which idealized the British pub experience and captured the essence of a working-class lifestyle.

The Orwells moved to a new home in Islington at 27b Canonbury Square due to the V-1 flying bomb that struck Mortimer Crescent earlier in the year.

Established George Orwell Productions Ltd (GOP Ltd) on September 12, 1947, marking a significant milestone in his career as a writer and entrepreneur.

Received a large bill from the Inland Revenue due to the success of Animal Farm, prompting him to seek advice from accountants on managing royalties and tax implications.

Orwell's 'As I Please' column was well-received by readers and ran for several years.

Eric published 'Nineteen Eighty-Four', a dystopian novel depicting a totalitarian future society, which has become a classic of science fiction and politics.

George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four was published.

Orwell's financial situation improved, allowing him to write regularly to friends and acquaintances, including Sonia Brownell.

Sonia Brownell visited Orwell at his home in Cranham, sparking a romantic relationship that would lead to their engagement.

Orwell's health began to decline significantly during Christmas, prompting him to seek medical attention and treatment for his ongoing health issues.

On October 13th, 1949, Orwell married Sonia Brownell, a woman he had met while working at the BBC. This marriage was intended to be a new beginning for him, but it would ultimately prove to be short-lived due to his infidelity and personal struggles.

George Orwell died on January 21st, 1950, at the age of 46, due to complications from tuberculosis.

The book re-emerged in the 1950s following the success of Orwell's later books.

Eileen's uterine cancer recurred, leading to infertility issues that made it difficult for the Orwells to have children.

Orwell was commissioned to create cartoon strips to promote Animal Farm, showcasing his artistic talents and versatility.

Orwell's doctors prescribed him streptomycin and penicillin treatments for his health issues, which were part of his ongoing struggle with tuberculosis and other ailments.

Orwell's writing was praised for its intellectual honesty and critique of hypocrisy by various authors and historians, solidifying his reputation as a moral compass in literary circles.

Orwell's recollections were published, providing various interpretations about his life and views.